Sexual vulnerability and HIV seroprevalence among the deaf and hearing impaired in Cameroon

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This quantitative cross-sectional study examines sexual behaviour of a target group of hearing-impaired persons in Yaounde, the capital city of the Republic of Cameroon. It measures their HIV prevalence to enable assessment of their sexual vulnerability and to help reduce the gap in existing HIV serology data among people with disabilities in general and the deaf in particular.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The snowball sampling procedure was adopted as an adequate approach to meet this hard-to-reach group. A total of 118 deaf participants were interviewed for the behavioural component, using sign language as a means of data collection, while 101 participants underwent HIV serology testing. Descriptive analyses were done for behavioural data with Epi info software, while sera were tested by health personnel, using rapid and confirmation test reagents.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>From the results, it was clear that the hearing impaired were highly involved in risky sexual practices, as observed through major sexual indicators, such as: age at first sexual intercourse; condom use; and knowledge of sexually transmitted infections and AIDS. Furthermore, it was noted that the HIV prevalence rate of the hearing impaired in the capital of Cameroon was 4%, close to the prevalence in the city's general population (4.7%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Such results suggest that there is a need for in-depth behavioural research and serological studies in this domain to better understand the determinants of risky sexual behaviour among the hearing impaired, and to propose operational prevention approaches for this group.</p

Terminological challenges in the translation of science documentaries: a case-study

This article aims to describe some of the main terminological problems audiovisual translators have to face when dealing with the translation of science documentaries, specifically in the English-Catalan combination. The first section of the article presents some theoretical concepts which underlie this research and which are taken, for the most part, from Cabré's Communicative Theory of Terminology. Then, specific terminological problems audiovisual translators have to solve are described using the data provided by a corpus of four science documentaries lasting approximately 50 minutes each. These challenges include identifying a term, understanding a term, finding the right equivalent, dealing with the absence of an adequate equivalent, solving denominative variations, choosing between in vivo and in vitro terminology, and overcoming mistranscriptions

Simulation of the discharge propagation in a capillary tube in air at atmospheric pressure

International audienceThis paper presents simulations of an air plasma discharge at atmospheric pressure initiated by a needle anode set inside a dielectric capillary tube. We have studied the influence of the tube inner radius and its relative permittivity ε r on the discharge structure and dynamics. As a reference, we have used a relative permittivity ε r = 1 to study only the influence of the cylindrical constraint of the tube on the discharge. For a tube radius of 100 µm and ε r = 1, we have shown that the discharge fills the tube during its propagation and is rather homogeneous behind the discharge front. When the radius of the tube is in the range 300 to 600 µm, the discharge structure is tubular with peak values of electric field and electron density close to the dielectric surface. When the radius of the tube is larger than 700 µm, the tube has no influence on the discharge which propagates axially. For a tube radius of 100 µm, when ε r increases from 1 to 10, the discharge structure becomes tubular. We have noted that the velocity of propagation of the discharge in the tube increases when the front is more homogeneous and then, the discharge velocity increases with the decrease of the tube radius and ε r. Then, we have compared the relative influence of the value of tube radius and ε r on the discharge characteristics. Our simulations indicate that the geometrical constraint of the cylindrical tube has more influence than the value of ε r on the discharge structure and dynamics. Finally, we have studied the influence of photoemission processes on the discharge structure by varying the photoemission coefficient. As expected, we have shown that photoemission, as it increases the number of secondary electrons close to the dielectric surface, promotes the tubular structure of the discharge

AN OVERVIEW OF THE STRATELEC PROJECT (STRATÉOLE-2 ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY)

International audienceThe STRATELEC (STRatéole-2 ATmospheric ELECtricity) project, funded by the French Space Agency CNES, aims at deploying new atmospheric electricity instrumentation during the last Stratéole-2 balloon campaign [1]. The multidisciplinary STRATELEC project focuses on i) measuring the electrical state of the atmosphere and the production of high-energy radiation through in situ and remote sensing measurements, ii) identifying state-of-the-art and emerging technologies to populate and build the STRATELEC instrumentation package, and iii) contributing to additional scientific returns on any international space mission dedicated to lightning detection and more generally to the study of electrodynamic couplings in the terrestrial atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere system

AN OVERVIEW OF THE STRATELEC PROJECT (STRATÉOLE-2 ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY)

International audienceThe STRATELEC (STRatéole-2 ATmospheric ELECtricity) project, funded by the French Space Agency CNES, aims at deploying new atmospheric electricity instrumentation during the last Stratéole-2 balloon campaign [1]. The multidisciplinary STRATELEC project focuses on i) measuring the electrical state of the atmosphere and the production of high-energy radiation through in situ and remote sensing measurements, ii) identifying state-of-the-art and emerging technologies to populate and build the STRATELEC instrumentation package, and iii) contributing to additional scientific returns on any international space mission dedicated to lightning detection and more generally to the study of electrodynamic couplings in the terrestrial atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere system

AN OVERVIEW OF THE STRATELEC PROJECT (STRATÉOLE-2 ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY)

International audienceThe STRATELEC (STRatéole-2 ATmospheric ELECtricity) project, funded by the French Space Agency CNES, aims at deploying new atmospheric electricity instrumentation during the last Stratéole-2 balloon campaign [1]. The multidisciplinary STRATELEC project focuses on i) measuring the electrical state of the atmosphere and the production of high-energy radiation through in situ and remote sensing measurements, ii) identifying state-of-the-art and emerging technologies to populate and build the STRATELEC instrumentation package, and iii) contributing to additional scientific returns on any international space mission dedicated to lightning detection and more generally to the study of electrodynamic couplings in the terrestrial atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere system

AN OVERVIEW OF THE STRATELEC PROJECT (STRATÉOLE-2 ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY)

International audienceThe STRATELEC (STRatéole-2 ATmospheric ELECtricity) project, funded by the French Space Agency CNES, aims at deploying new atmospheric electricity instrumentation during the last Stratéole-2 balloon campaign [1]. The multidisciplinary STRATELEC project focuses on i) measuring the electrical state of the atmosphere and the production of high-energy radiation through in situ and remote sensing measurements, ii) identifying state-of-the-art and emerging technologies to populate and build the STRATELEC instrumentation package, and iii) contributing to additional scientific returns on any international space mission dedicated to lightning detection and more generally to the study of electrodynamic couplings in the terrestrial atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere system